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2013| May-June | Volume 24 | Issue 3
Online since
April 24, 2013
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Health-related quality of life in patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Ikechi G Okpechi, Tebogo Nthite, Charles R Swanepoel
May-June 2013, 24(3):519-526
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111036
PMID
:23640624
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem, and its treatment imposes a considerable burden on patients and their families. Limitations in everyday activity may worsen the situation and affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with CKD. There are no studies on the HRQOL of dialysis patients in South Africa. We assessed the HRQOL of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) attending the Groote Schuur Hospital renal unit by using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form version 1.3 questionnaire. Baseline demographic and clinical details of the participants were recorded. Analysis was performed (unpaired
t
test and univariate analysis) to compare the HRQOL between HD and PD patients and to identify factors influencing HRQOL. The HRQOL was low but not significantly different between HD and PD patients. In PD patients, the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) significantly contributed to the emotional well-being (r
2
= 0.267;
P
= 0.01) and alleviation of pain (r
2
= 0.073;
P
= 0.049); in HD patients also, ESA use was associated with emotional well-being (r
2
= 0.258;
P
<0.0001) as well as improvement in energy/fatigue (r
2
= 0.390;
P
<0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly influenced cognitive function in PD patients (
P
<0.05). Parathyroid hormone level significantly influenced the physical functioning and energy/fatigue domains in HD patients (
P
<0.0001). Serum ferritin (r
2
= 0.441;
P
= 0.002) and level of hemoglobin concentration (r
2
= 0.180;
P
= 0.006) were significantly associated with the domain role emotional in PD and HD patients, respectively. Although HRQOL is low in dialysis patients in Cape Town, the factors that have been identified to be associated with these scores (such as anemia and hyperparathyroidism) if aggressively managed and corrected may assist in improving patients' HRQOL.
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2,011
RENAL DATA FROM ASIA-AFRICA
The outcome of living related kidney transplantation with multiple renal arteries
Hafiz Shahzad Ashraf, Imran Hussain, Amjad Ali Siddiqui, M Nasir Ibrahim, Mohammadf Usman Khan
May-June 2013, 24(3):615-619
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111087
PMID
:23640649
The aim of our study was to compare the surgical complications and short-term outcome of renal transplants with single and multiple renal artery grafts. We reviewed the records of 105 kidney transplantations performed consecutively at our institution from July 2006 to May 2010. The data of 33 (31.4%) renal transplants with multiple arteries were compared with the 72 transplants with single artery (68.6%), and the incidence of surgical complications, post-transplant hypertension, acute tubular necrosis, acute graft rejection, mean creatinine level, and patient and graft survival was analyzed. We further subdivided the study recipients into three groups: group A (
n
= 72) with one-renal-artery allografts and one-artery anastomosis, group B (
n
= 6) with multiple-artery allografts with single-artery anastomosis, and group C (
n
= 27) with multiple-artery allografts with multiple arterial anasatomosis, and compared their outcome. No significant differences were observed among the recipients of all the three groups regarding early vascular and urological complications, post-transplant hypertension, acute tubular necrosis, acute rejection, creatinine level, and graft and patient survival. The mean cold ischemia time in groups B and C was significantly higher (
P
<0.05). One patient in group A developed renal vein thrombosis resulting in graft nephrectomy. None of the patients with multiple renal arteries developed either vascular or urological complications. In conclusion, kidney transplantation using grafts with multiple renal arteries is equally safe as using grafts with single renal artery, regarding vascular, urological complications, as well as patient and graft survival.
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727
CASE REPORTS
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney with sarcomatoid transformation
Maha Arafah, Shaesta Naseem Zaidi
May-June 2013, 24(3):557-560
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111066
PMID
:23640631
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney is a recently described entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 classification and has a relatively indolent behavior. Sarcomatoid differentiation has been well documented in most histologic variants of renal cell carcinoma and its presence is known to have a worse prognosis. Its occurrence in an otherwise benign MTSCC is extremely rare. Here, we report a unique case of MTSCC in a 64-year-old patient with multiple areas of high-grade spindle cells and large areas of necrosis in it. The patient had a rapidly fatal clinical outcome.
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551
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Screening for chronic kidney diseases among an adult population
Kaniz Fatema, Zainal Abedin, Abul Mansur, Farzana Rahman, Taslima Khatun, Nurunnahar Sumi, Khadizatul Kobura, Selima Akter, Liaquat Ali
May-June 2013, 24(3):534-541
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111049
PMID
:23640626
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now one of the major health problems all over the world and its early screening is vital to prevent the development of end-stage renal failure. This study was designed to evaluate the proportion of urban adults suffering from CKD as well as to have a preliminary idea about the determinants of this disorder. The screening program for CKD was arranged in a public place in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and involved 634 adult participants (>18 years of age) selected on first-come first-served basis. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. Urinary protein was tested by the dipstick method, and serum glucose and creatinine were measured by an auto-analyzer. Estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR) was calculated by using standard formula. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. A total of 12.8% of the subjects were found to have CKD of whom 2.7% were in Stage 1, 4.1% in Stage 2, and 6% were in Stage 3. The proportion was strongly influenced by age, with the highest prevalence (38.5%) found at 60 years and above. The CKD group showed higher body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure, compared with their non-CKD counterparts (
P
= 0.02). On multiple regression analysis (after adjustment of some confounding variables), age, random blood sugar, and education showed significant association with the development of CKD. A substantial number of urban adults in Dhaka were found to be unaware about the existence of CKD and large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders.
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868
Quality of life and sleep in hemodialysis patients
Mahnaz Edalat-Nejad, Mehdi Qlich-Khani
May-June 2013, 24(3):514-518
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111031
PMID
:23640623
The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life and sleep of chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Quality of sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and quality of life (QoL) was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) in 115 HD patients. One hundred (87%) patients were "poor sleepers" (global PSQI ≥5). The SF-36 mental component summary and physical component summary (PCS) scores were higher than 50 only in 43% and 32% of the subjects, respectively. No significant differences were found in QoL and sleep according to the patient's gender, presence of diabetes and time on HD. Correlation between total SF-36 score and global PSQI was statistically significant (
r
= -0.227,
P
<0.05). Poor sleep is common in dialysis patients and is associated with lower QoL, especially with mental health component of life quality.
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1,170
CASE REPORTS
Acute renal failure by ingestion of
Euphorbia paralias
Karima Boubaker, Mondher Ounissi, Nozha Brahmi, Rym Goucha, Hafedh Hedri, Taieb Ben Abdellah, Fethi El Younsi, Hedi Ben Maiz, Adel Kheder
May-June 2013, 24(3):571-575
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111069
PMID
:23640634
Euphorbia paralias
is known in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, a purgative and for its local anesthetic property. To the best our knowledge, renal toxicity of this substance has not been previously reported. In this paper, we report the case of a 29-year-old male who developed renal damage following ingestion of
Euphorbia paralias
. He had been on follow-up for nephrotic syndrome since 1986, although irregularly, with several relapses but each responding well to steroid therapy. A kidney biopsy had not been performed earlier due to refusal by the patient. He was off steroids since April 2008 because the patient developed osteoporosis. He was admitted with general malaise and oliguria to our department in May 2009, following repeated vomiting and watery diarrhea for three days. On examination, he was edematous but had normal vital signs except for a pulse rate of 120/min. Hemoglobin was only 5.5 g/dL but with normal white cell and platelet counts. Blood biochemistry showed evidence of advanced renal failure with a serum creatinine level of 1835 μmol/L and urea at 44.6 mmol/L, sodium of 132 μmol/L and potassium at 4.3 mmol/L. He had features of nephrotic syndrome with severe hypoproteinamia and 24-h urinary protein of 10.45 g. Ultrasonography revealed enlarged kidneys with a reduced echogenecity of the medulla and the papillae. Subsequently, after hemodialysis with blood transfusion, a kidney biopsy was performed that showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with an acute tubular injury. On intensive interrogation, the patient gave a history of ingesting boiled
Euphorbia paralias
as a native treatment for edema, ten days prior to the onset of the current illness. A diagnosis of acute renal failure (ARF) resulting from the possible nephrotoxic effect of
Euphorbia paralias
poisoning was made. He was treated with intermittent hemodialysis and corticosteroids. Serum creatinine values improved after 48 days. At six months following the intoxication, serum creatinine of the patient was 240 μmol/L. In cases of unexplained ARF, a toxic mechanism should always be considered and acute renal failure caused by
Euphorbia paralias
should be included as a cause if renal toxicity is suspected in those places where it is being used as a native medicine.
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502
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Outcome of individualized dialysate sodium concentration for hemodialysis patients
Yasser Elshahawy, Dawlat Sany, Sahar Shawky
May-June 2013, 24(3):507-513
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111025
PMID
:23640622
To evaluate the individualization of dialysate sodium (Na
+
) concentration in hemodialysis (HD), we studied 40 stable chronic HD patients in a single-blind crossover design. They underwent 36 consecutive HD sessions with the dialysate Na
+
concentration set at 138 mmol/L, followed by 36 sessions of dialysate Na
+
set to match the patients average pre-HD plasma Na
+
levels. We multiplied the midweek pre-HD measured Na
+
by the Donnan coefficient of 0.95 (individualized Na
+
). Pre-HD Na
+
dialysis sodium levels were nearly constant, with no variation between the two phases and a mean of 137.45 ± 2.04 mmol/L. Post-HD serum Na
+
was significantly higher during the standard phase (139.7 ± 2 mmol/L) than during the individualized phase (137.1 ± 1.6 mmol/L). Also, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) was significantly more reduced during the individualized phase (3.25 ± 0.56%) than during the standard phase (3.94 ± 0.92%),
P
<0.001. Episodes of distressing symptoms including headache, muscle cramps and hypotension were significantly less frequent in the individualized phase. The mean of the pre-HD and post-HD systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased during the individualized phase, and we could reduce the doses of antihypertensive drugs in 10 (33.33%) patients. Individualized dialysate Na
+
concentration was associated with a decrease in IDWG and dialysis hypotension and related symptoms and better BP control in stable chronic HD patients.
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RENAL DATA FROM ASIA-AFRICA
Twenty-four-hour urine constituents in stone formers: A study from the northeast part of Peninsular Malaysia
NS Hussein, SM Sadiq, MD Kamaliah, AW NorAkmal, MN Gohar
May-June 2013, 24(3):630-637
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111090
PMID
:23640651
Urolithiasis is a common disease with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide, probably more common in industrialized countries. The metabolic evaluation of 24-h urine collection has been considered as part of the management of urinary stone patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 24-h urine constituents in stone formers and its relation to demographic data in the northeast part of Peninsular Malaysia. One hundred and six patients were recruited in this study from two hospitals in the same geographical region; 96 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and an informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The 24-h urine was collected in sterile bottles with a preservative agent and calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, magnesium and phosphate were tested using commercial kits on a Roche Hitachi 912 chemistry analyzer. The age (mean ± SD) of 96 patients was 56.45 ± 13.43 years and 82.3% of the patients were male while 17.7% were female. The 24-h urine abnormalities were hypercalciuria (14.5%), hyperoxaluria (61.4%), hypocitraturia (57.2%), hyperuricouria (19.7%), hypomagnesuria (59.3%) and hyperphosphaturia (12.5%). Hyperoxaluria (61.4%) was the most common abnormality detected during the analysis of 24-h urine constituents in contradiction to industrial countries, where hypercalciuria was the most common finding. The high frequencies of hypomagnesuria and hypocitraturia reflect the important role of magnesium and citrate in stone formation and their prophylactic role in the treatment of urinary stone disease in the given population.
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571
CASE REPORTS
Acute renal failure and intravascular hemolysis following henna ingestion
Hala E. A. Qurashi, Abbas A. A. Qumqumji, Yasir Zacharia
May-June 2013, 24(3):553-556
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111065
PMID
:23640630
The powder of henna plant (
Lawsonia inermis
Linn.) is extensively used as a decorative skin paint for nail coloring and as a hair dye. Most reports of henna toxicity have been attributed to adding a synthetic dye para-phenylenediamine (PPD). PPD is marketed as black henna added to natural henna to accentuate the dark color and shorten the application time. PPD toxicity is well known and extensively reported in medical literature. We report a case of a young Saudi male who presented with characteristic features of acute renal failure and intravascular hemolysis following ingestion of henna mixture. Management of PPD poisoning is only supportive and helpful only if instituted early. Diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion, as the clinical features are quite distinctive.
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5,789
563
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Significance of panel reactive antibodies in patients requiring kidney transplantation
Mahendra Narain Mishra, Krishna V Baliga
May-June 2013, 24(3):495-499
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111019
PMID
:23640620
Presence of antibodies against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, which may be may be directed against HLA class I or/and class II antigens, is a known risk factor for acute rejections and graft loss. Pre-transplantation panel reactive antibody (PRA) estimation is done to identify sensitized patients prior to solid organ transplantation and also forms the basis of cadaver organ allocation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the PRA in 52 patients awaiting first renal transplant, identify various factors contributing to high PRA, and observe its influence on graft survival. This was a case control study performed in a tertiary care hospital. Eighty-five samples including 63 from 52 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 10 from healthy volunteers, and 12 from presumed sensitized individuals were tested for class I and/or II PRA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Quik ID
®
GTI kits. PRA for both class I and II was zero in all healthy controls and 19/46 (37%) patient samples; while individually, PRA class I and II were zero in 32/60 (53%) and 39/45 (86.3%) samples, respectively. PRA exceeded 10% in 16 samples from 12 patients with peak class I and II PRA of 100% and 46%, respectively. Posttransplantation, 27/31 patients are doing well, while four died with a functioning graft. Patient reactivity to antigen stimulation is the most important factor determining the PRA levels, and class I PRA is more relevant for detection of sensitization in first-time recipients and adversely affects the graft outcome.
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CASE REPORTS
Cerebral calcification, osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis: is it carbonic anhydrase-II deficiency?
Ala A Sh. Ali, Sarmad A Al-Mashta
May-June 2013, 24(3):561-565
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111067
PMID
:23640632
Carbonic anhydrase-II deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder with a triad of cerebral calcification, osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis (often combined proximal and distal). Mental retardation, growth failure, complications of osteopetrosis and other features were all recorded in this syndrome. We present a case of an Iraqi male with all these features and a positive family history.
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6,333
612
Severe acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in an infant
Jameela A Kari, Ahmed Bamagai, Sawsan M Jalalah
May-June 2013, 24(3):546-548
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111061
PMID
:23640628
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is very rare below the age of two years. We report a 14-month-old girl who presented with frank hematuria and nephrotic syndrome following group A streptococcal pharyngitis (GAS), which was confirmed by laboratory investigations. The patient underwent a renal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and was treated with prednisolone. The proteinuria and hematuria resolved completely in eight weeks. Our case demonstrates that APSGN should be considered in evaluating hematuria and nephrotic syndrome in infants and children below two years of age.
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8,639
993
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Dialysis for acute kidney injury associated with influenza a (H1N1) infection
Augusto Vallejos, Marcelo Arias, Ana Cusumano, Eduardo Coste, Miguel Simon, Ricardo Martinez, Sandra Mendez, Miguel Raño, Luis Sintado, Bruno Lococo, Carlos Blanco, Jorge Cestari
May-June 2013, 24(3):527-533
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111045
PMID
:23640625
In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared a novel influenza A, S-OIV (H1N1), pandemic. We observed 44 consecutive patients during the "first wave" of the pandemic. 70.5% of them showed co-morbidities (hypertension, obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic renal disease, diabetes, pregnancy). Serious cases were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), particularly those with severe acute respiratory failure. Some of them developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and required renal replacement therapy (RRT). The average time between admission to the ICU and initiation of RRT was 3.16 ± 2.6 days. At initiation of RRT, most patients required mechanical ventilation. No relationship was found with creatinine-kinase levels. Seventy-five percent of the cases were observed during a 3-week period and mortality, related to respiratory failure, doubling of alanine amino transferase and use of inotropics was 81.8%. In conclusion, the H1N1-infected patients who developed RRT-requiring AKI, in the context of multi-organ failure, showed a high mortality rate. Thus, it is mandatory that elaborate strategies aimed at anticipating potential renal complications associated to future pandemics are implemented.
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3,613
585
RENAL DATA FROM THE ARAB WORLD
The relation between stone disease and obesity in Jordan
Lara Alex Abu Ghazaleh, Zahran Budair
May-June 2013, 24(3):610-614
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111086
PMID
:23640648
Obesity forms a growing challenge in medicine worldwide. In Jordan, the obese and the overweight population form 49.7% of the total population. The latest national male to female ratio in Jordan is 1:1.06. There is a relation between obesity and renal stone formation. This study is conducted to study the relation of renal stone and obesity in the Jordanian population. All patients with urolithiasis that attended the urology clinic at Prince Hussein Bin Abdullah Urology Center at King Hussein Medical Center, Jordan, over the period from January 2006 to January 2011 were included in the study and analyzed for age, gender, body weight, number of visits to the clinic and number of procedures. Over a period of 60 months from January 2006 through January 2011, 8346 patients were treated for urolithiasis. The median age was 43.2 years. The male to female ratio was 1.46:1. 42.3% of the patients were obese, with body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m
2
and 25.8% of the patients were overweight, with BMI >25 kg/m
2
. The normal body weight population formed 31.9% of the total population. The majority of our urolithiasis patients were obese and overweight, forming 68.1% of the population, with a higher number of clinical visits and higher number of surgical procedures. In the Jordanian population, there is a clear relation between obesity and stone formation, where the majority of stone formers was obese.
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3,556
481
CASE REPORTS
Unusual presentation of renal vein thrombosis with pulmonary artery embolism
Khaled Mzayen, Jafar Al-Said, Shobhana Nayak-Rao, Maria Teresa Catacutan, Olfat Kamel
May-June 2013, 24(3):566-570
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111068
PMID
:23640633
A young 23-year-old male patient presented with a two-day history of right flank pain. He had no history of any significant illnesses in the past. His investgations showed nephrotic range proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia. The patient developed cough and shortness of breath after having a left kidney biopsy. He did not respond to regular respiratory tract infection treatment. The kidney biopsy revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Further investigations for the cough showed thromboembolism of the posterior and lateral basal segments of the right lower lobe. Moreover he was found to have thrombosis of the right upper pole renal vein. The patient was started on full anticoagulation along with three days pulse steroid, followed by 1 mg/kg oral steroid. Clinical improvement was noticed within 48 h. After eight weeks the proteinuria decreased from 8.5 gm/day to 1.1 gm/day. The kidney function was normal with eGFR 145 mL/min through the course of the disease. This case represent one of the unusual presentation of nephrotic syndrome with pulmonary and renal vascular thromboembolic events. The response to the combination of anticoagulation and steroid was remarkable.
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4,444
432
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Acute kidney injury in Endosulfan poisoning
Manjusha Yadla, Sandeep Reddy Yanala, Sriramnaveen Parvithina, Krishna Kishore Chennu, Nagasridhar Annapindi, Sivakumar Vishnubhotla
May-June 2013, 24(3):592-593
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111077
PMID
:23640641
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2
3,339
578
Regional disparities in etiology of end-stage renal disease in Africa
Omar Maoujoud, Taoufiq Aatif, Abdelali Bahadi, Yassir Zajjari, Mohammed Benyahya, Samir Ahid, Zouhir Oualim
May-June 2013, 24(3):594-595
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111078
PMID
:23640642
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2
2,581
481
The role of Interleukin-23/Interleukin-17 axis in coexisting anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and lupus nephritis
Se Jin Park, Ji Hong Kim, Tae Sun Ha, Jae Il Shin
May-June 2013, 24(3):596-597
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111079
PMID
:23640643
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2
2,297
389
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Prevalence and associated risk factors of male erectile dysfunction among patients on hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients: A cross-sectional survey from Sudan
MO Mekki, KA El Hassan, E. M. A. El Mahdi, HH Haroun, MA Mohammed, KH Khamis, MO Ismail, M. E. A. Yousif, H El Sanousi
May-June 2013, 24(3):500-506
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111023
PMID
:23640621
Male erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important issue worldwide occurring in 5-69% of men in community-based studies. It is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those on peritoneal as well as hemodialysis (HD), occurring in more than 80% of patients. In Sudan, there is no previous report on ED among patients with CKD. A cross-sectional study was done to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated risk factors among Sudanese CKD patients on HD and those who underwent renal transplant. This was conducted in Khartoum, Sudan from October 2005 to July 2006 including all married men who were on maintenance HD for more than three months and all married men who had received renal transplantation at least three months earlier. Single, divorced/separated men, those whose wives were living away, those who were bed-bound and those with cognitive impairment were also excluded. After obtaining consent for participation, demographic and clinical data were collected by using anonymous questionnaires and the Arabic version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF; the Egyptian version). Patients who did not participate in full and proper manner were considered as "non-responders." A total of 146 patients, 106 HD patients, and 40 renal transplant recipients completed the IIEF questionnaire. Non-responders constituted 43.7% and 54.5% of HD and transplant recipient patients, respectively. Blood samples were taken after completion of the IIEF questionnaire to determine the required investigations. ED prevalence was high among our study patients, 83% among the HD patients and 67.5% among the renal transplant recipients. Univariate analysis showed that there was a trend, although non-significant, of older age being associated with ED in both groups. Similar association was seen in those who were under-dialyzed in the HD group and DM in the transplant recipient group. Previous history of ED was significantly associated with current presence of ED in both groups. More studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify the results of this study.
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2
3,756
593
Basiliximab induction in renal transplantation: Long-term outcome
Mahendra Atlani, Raj K Sharma, Amit Gupta
May-June 2013, 24(3):473-479
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111010
PMID
:23640617
Anti-IL-2 receptor has been proven to be effective in reducing the rate of acute rejection in kidney transplantation and also in improving the graft and patient survival rates. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the role of the anti-IL-2 receptor, basiliximab, as an induction immunosuppression. Fifty-seven kidney transplant recipients from living donors who received the IL-2 blocker basiliximab (Group 1) as induction therapy in combination with cyclosporine (CsA), steroids and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprine (AZA) were compared with similarly matched renal transplant recipients (N = 312) who did not receive induction therapy (Group 2). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meir method. Chi-square test was used to compare the outcome difference of various parameters between the two groups. Both the groups were similar in terms of demographic charateristcs and maintenance immunosuppression used. The total number of rejections was significantly less in Group 1, 14% vs 25% in Group 2 (
P
= 0.04, Odds ratio = 0.44). A higher number of patients in Group 2 had steroid-resistant rejections, although the difference was not statistically significant (9.9% in Group 2 vs 5.3% in Group 1). Death-censored graft survival was not significantly better in Group 1 at five years as compared with Group 2 (79.4% vs 47.2%,
P
= 0.09). On multivariate analysis for association with graft survival, only late acute rejections and steroid-resistant rejections were independently associated with poor graft survival, while the type of maintenance immuno-suppression (MMF vs AZA), use of basiliximab induction therapy and total number of acute rejection episodes had no association. Our study suggests that the use of anti-IL-2 receptor antibody basiliximab as induction immuno-suppression results in significantly better prevention of acute rejection, but it does not result in a significantly improved graft survival at five years. It also results in reduced severity of acute rejection.
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Small intestinal involvement by lymphoproliferative disorders post-renal transplantation: A report from the post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder international survey
Hossein Khedmat, Saeed Taheri
May-June 2013, 24(3):487-494
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111017
PMID
:23640619
In this study, data on post-renal transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) collected from the existing literature were pooled and analyzed to compare the characteristics, predictors and prognosis of small intestinal PTLDs. We performed a comprehensive search for the available data by Pubmed and Google scholar search engines for reports on this subject. Data from 18 previously published studies, comprising 120 renal allograft recipients, were included in the analysis. Renal transplant recipients with intestinal PTLD were significantly less likely to have Hogkin's and Hogkin's-like lesions (
P
= 0.044) and to be younger at the time of transplantation (
P
= 0.07). Except for Hodgkin's-like lesions, histopathological evaluations elsewhere were comparable between the group with PTLD in the small intestine and age- and sex-matched renal transplant recipients with PTLD in other sites. The overall mortality was relatively higher in the control group (
P
= 0.09). When death only due to PTLD was used as the outcome, a trend toward better outcome was seen for the intestinal PTLD group compared with the other localizations (
P
= 0.1). The 1- and 5-year survival rates for intestinal PTLD patients were 57% and 37%, respectively, compared with 54% and 21%, respectively, for the control group. According to our findings based on analysis of international data, renal transplant patients with small intestinal PTLD are more likely to be of younger age but less frequently represent Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's-like lesions. They also have better patient survival compared with transplant recipients with PTLD in other locations. Further multi-center prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
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634
RENAL DATA FROM ASIA-AFRICA
Renal involvement in sepsis: A prospective single-center study of 136 cases
Pankaj R Shah, MS Gireesh, Vivek B Kute, Aruna V Vanikar, Manoj R Gumber, Himanshu V Patel, KR Goplani, Hargovind L Trivedi
May-June 2013, 24(3):620-629
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111089
PMID
:23640650
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for mortality in sepsis syndrome. Few Indian studies have focused on describing the epidemiology of sepsis with AKI. Adult patients with sepsis-induced AKI were evaluated for the clinical characteristics and outcome and to correlate various parameters associated with sepsis to the outcome of patients. This prospective study included 136 patients with sepsis-induced AKI between 2007 and 2009. All patients required renal replacement therapy. Males comprised 44% of the patients while 56% were females; their mean age was 38.6 years. When we compared the survivor and non-survivor groups, it was found that mortality was associated with delayed presentation (6.8 vs 9.4 days), presence of hypotension (132/80 vs 112/70 mmHg), oliguria (300 vs 130 mL), anemia (8 vs 9.3 gm/dL), prolonged prothrombin time (15 vs 29 s) and activated partial thrombin time (38 vs 46 s), creatinine (7.8 vs 6.4 mg/dL), blood urea (161 vs 135 mg/dL), higher D-dimer (1603 vs 2185), short hospital stay (27.9 vs 8.3 days), number of hemodialysis sessions (11.9 vs 6 times), need for vasopressors (14% vs 52%) and ventilator (7.2% vs 75%) and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (6.7 vs 11.4) (
P
<0.05). The most common source of infection in this study was urogenital tract (34%). About 51.4% showed complete recovery of renal function. The overall hospital mortality rate was 38.9%. Less than 10% of the patients developed impaired renal function following septic AKI. In conclusion, the most common renal manifestation of sepsis was AKI, which is a risk factor for mortality in sepsis syndrome. SOFA score >11 and multi-organ dysfunction are the risk factors for mortality.
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CASE REPORTS
Post-partum bilateral renal cortical necrosis in antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus
Venkat Sainaresh Vellanki, Sriramnaveen Parvathina, Sivaramakrishna Gondi, Manjusha Yadla, Krishna Kishore Chenu, Sivakumar Vishnubhotla
May-June 2013, 24(3):549-552
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111064
PMID
:23640629
In the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus or related autoimmune disorders, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is termed secondary APS. Pregnancy-related renal failure due to SAPS is rarely reported in the literature. We present the case of a young primgravida woman with bilateral renal cortical necrosis due to secondary APS in late pregnancy.
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571
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Hepatitis B virus infection: Need for more attention in hemodialysis patients
Behzad Einollahi, Seyed Moayed Alavian
May-June 2013, 24(3):587-588
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111074
PMID
:23640639
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1,719
336
Mucormycosis after kidney transplantation
Behzad Einollahi, Zohreh Rostami
May-June 2013, 24(3):576-577
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111070
PMID
:23640635
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2,013
337
RENAL DATA FROM THE ARAB WORLD
Fate of patients during the first year of dialysis
Selma Siham El Khayat, Karima Hallal, Mohamed Benghanem Gharbi, Benyounes Ramdani
May-June 2013, 24(3):605-609
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111085
PMID
:23640647
Care in dialysis is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality during the first year. Knowledge of its magnitude and causes could improve the prognosis of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and morbidity during the first year of dialysis for patients who initiated their dialysis between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009 and to study their possible correlation with baseline status at the beginning of treatment. A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 11 dialysis centers. Clinical data at the beginning of dialysis and during the following year were collected. Mortality and morbidity risk factors were assessed by comparing different groups. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 11. This study involved 134 patients, 79 men and 55 women, of whom 132 were on hemodialysis and two patients were on peritoneal dialysis. The mean age at initiation of treatment was 54.37 ± 18.09 years. Initial causes of nephropathy were dominated by diabetes (44.02%) and hypertension (11.19%). Among these patients, 39.55% had never received prior nephrological follow-up and 64.92% had started renal replacement therapy on an emergency basis. The initial clinical state was dominated by the presence of hypertension (50.74%), diabetes (44.02%), coronary insufficiency (13.43%) and heart failure (7.46%). Only 26.86% of the incident patients showed no comorbidity. During the first year of follow-up, 37.31% of the patients experienced at least one episode of comorbidity. Hospitalization was necessary in about half of these cases (17.91% of all patients). The overall mortality rate was 14.17%. One patient received a kidney transplant. The mortality rate in the first year of dialysis was lower in our study than in other series. Regular nephrological follow-up of these patients before they reach end-stage could have a significant influence on survival in dialysis.
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REVIEW ARTICLE
ABO-Incompatible kidney transplantation
Soumaya Yaich
May-June 2013, 24(3):463-472
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111009
PMID
:23640616
HLA sensitization and ABO incompatibility continue to pose a significant barrier to expansion of living donation. In fact, either anti-blood or anti-donor HLA antibodies result in the occurrence of hyperacute rejection and graft loss. Reducing this early rejection risk by planned desensitization protocols has clearly improved the outcome of ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation. B-cell depletive therapy has replaced splenectomy, overcoming the disadvantages of the latter. Plasma exchange techniques have considerably reduced antibody titers, allowing better results. Thus, newer immunosuppressive protocols reduced early graft loss and early rejections episodes and, consequently, improved the long-term graft survival. Therefore, ABOi kidney transplantation can be more broadly practiced, especially to expand the pool donor and to reduce the waiting time for transplantation.
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CASE REPORTS
The impact of donor myelofibrosis on outcome of renal transplantation
Tahawar Rana, Josef Taylor, Alireza Hamidian Jahromi, Jacob A Akoh
May-June 2013, 24(3):542-545
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111058
PMID
:23640627
In donors known to have medical conditions associated with kidney damage, caution is exercised when accepting donor kidneys. Myelofibrosis can affect kidney function in a variety of ways, but is not generally considered a contraindication to donation. We present the case of a 27-year-old woman with known myelofibrosis who died from an upper gastrointestinal bleed. After cardiac death, both the kidneys were donated. The first recipient was a 34-year-old lady with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in her single pelvic kidney. There was delayed graft function and the kidney continued to function poorly due to a significant donor vascular disease. The second recipient was a 27-year-old man with posterior urethral valves. Similar donor vascular disease caused this transplant to fail. The kidney damage did not fit any pattern reported in myelofibrosis, but may represent part of a spectrum of damage seen with this disease. This case highlights the need for caution when accepting kidneys from donors with chronic medical conditions even when young, and may be of use to transplant teams when considering accepting future donations from patients with myelofibrosis.
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Author's Reply
Jalal Etemadi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Mohammad Reza Ardalan, Mohammadali M Shoja, Kamyar Ghabili
May-June 2013, 24(3):588-589
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Response to steroids in early-onset nephrotic syndrome
Bilal Aoun, Sami Sanjad, Claus Peter Schmitt, Ghinwa Kalkas, Hassan Fakhoury, Tim Ulinski
May-June 2013, 24(3):590-591
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111076
PMID
:23640640
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2,352
417
Favorable outcome of living donor kidney transplantation following use of grafts with multiple renal arteries
Behzad Einollahi, Mohammad Hossein Nourbala, Mohammad Reza Fatahi
May-June 2013, 24(3):578-579
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111071
PMID
:23640636
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2,001
263
Fatal outcome due to sirolimus-induced acute hepatitis, myelosuppression and fever in a kidney allograft recipient
Soumaya Yaich, Nada El Aoud, Sawssen Zaghdane, Khaled Charfeddine, Mahmoud Kharrat, Mondher Masmoudi, Jamil Hachicha
May-June 2013, 24(3):580-582
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111072
PMID
:23640637
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2,292
293
Morbidity and mortality in Tunisian patients with post-transplant diabetes mellitus
Insaf Hadj Ali, Ezzeddine Abderrahim, Samia Barbouch, Khaoula Ben Abdelghani, Karima Khiari, Nadia M'chirgui, Nahla Romdhane, Néjib Ben Abdallah, Taieb Ben Abdallah, Adel Kheder
May-June 2013, 24(3):583-586
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111073
PMID
:23640638
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2,236
302
Another face of type-1 diabetes
Dilip Gude, Sashidhar Chennemsetty, Girish Narayan, Ratan Jha
May-June 2013, 24(3):598-599
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111081
PMID
:23640644
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2,270
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Risk factors for renal scarring in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux disease
Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi
May-June 2013, 24(3):600-601
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111082
PMID
:23640645
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Author's Reply
Pelin Ertan
May-June 2013, 24(3):601-601
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143
Bilateral ureterocystoplasty: A new technique for augmentation of bladder in transplant patients
Zohreh Bartani, Afshari A Taghizade
May-June 2013, 24(3):602-604
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111084
PMID
:23640646
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Transcription factor activity profile of acute rejection after kidney transplantation
Weiguo Sui, Hua Lin, Yong Dai, Jiejing Chen, He Huang
May-June 2013, 24(3):480-486
DOI
:10.4103/1319-2442.111014
PMID
:23640618
Transcription factors (TFs) play a central role in regulating gene expression and in providing an interconnecting regulatory between related pathway elements. Currently, the widespread use of kidney transplantation to treat end-stage renal disease has evolved rapidly since the initial successful transplantations from both cadaveric and living donors. However, acute rejection is still a strong risk factor for chronic rejection in recipients of renal grafts. To investigate the possible mechanisms, we describe a comparison between TF' activity profile of acute rejection and controls. Through TF assay analysis and electrophoretic mobility shaft assay confirmation, we identified the activities of TFs in acute rejection after kidney transplantation. From a total of 345 screened TFs, 99 activity-differential TFs were found, of which 95 showed increased activity and four showed decreased activity. Our data indicate that TFs may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of acute rejection, and can help to prevent, diagnose and treat acute rejection after kidney transplantation. The TF array methods could simplify the assay of multiple TFs and may facilitate high-throughout profiling of large numbers of TFs.
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SCOT DATA
Hospital sharing in organ donation program
May-June 2013, 24(3):638-643
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© 2007 - Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
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Online since 20
th
April, 2007